Mercedes-Benz, imodoka ya mbere yemewe ku mugaragaro ifite moteri ya lisansi, yavutse mu 1886. Iyi modoka yavutse mu maboko y'umuvumbuzi w'Umudage Karl Benz (yego, Benz imwe yo muri Mercedes-Benz). Iyi mpinduramatwara mu nganda ntiyari gushoboka kuri Mercedes-Benz iyo hatabaho gukoresha uburyo bwo gusudira arc, bwakozwe mu myaka mike ishize. Kuva icyo gihe, inganda z'imodoka n'izo gusudira zahujwe iteka ryose, nk'ibyuma bibiri byasutswe ku gice cyo hejuru hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa TIG.
Turimo kunyura mu bihe bishimishije aho ibikoresho byo gusudira birimo gutera intambwe nini cyane. — Greg Coleman
Mu binyejana byinshi, abantu bashoboye guhuza ibyuma bakoresheje uburyo bwa kera kandi bugoye bwo guhuza ibyuma, bukoresha uburyo bwo gushyushya no gukora ku byuma kugeza bihuye. Mu myaka ya 1860, Umwongereza witwaga Wilde yatangiye guhuza ibyuma nkana akoresheje amashanyarazi. Mu 1865, yatanze uburenganzira bwo gukoresha "amashanyarazi", butashimishije abahanga mu bya siyansi kugeza mu 1881, ubwo yakoraga amatara yo ku muhanda akoresheje icyuma gishyushya karuboni. Iki kinyabutabire kimaze kuva mu icupa, nta gusubira inyuma byari bihari, maze amasosiyete nka Lincoln Electric yinjiye mu bucuruzi bwo gusudira mu 1907.
Nzeri 1927 – Umuyoboro wa Ramkin Hodge witegura gushyiraho inkombe ya nyuma y’umuyoboro wa gaze karemano wa santimetero 8 utwara gaze karemano uva Ramkin, Louisiana, ujya Hodge, Louisiana. Wari umwe mu miyoboro minini ya mbere yasutsweho arc, kandi ibikoresho bya Lincoln ni byo byonyine byakoreshejwe muri uyu mushinga.
Isosiyete y’amashanyarazi ya Lincoln yo muri Cleveland, muri leta ya Ohio yatangiye gukora moteri z’amashanyarazi mu 1895. Mu 1907, Lincoln Electric yari imaze kubaka imashini ya mbere ikoresha ingufu za DC ikora imashini zisudira zigenzurwa n’amashanyarazi. Uwashinze iyi sosiyete John S. Lincoln yashoye iyi sosiyete ishora imari ingana n’amadolari 200 mu gukora moteri z’amashanyarazi ze bwite.
1895: John C. Lincoln yashinze ikigo cy’amashanyarazi cya Lincoln kugira ngo gikore kandi kigurishe moteri z’amashanyarazi zo mu gishushanyo cye bwite.
1917: Ishuri ry’amashanyarazi rya Lincoln ryashinzwe. Kuva ryashingwa mu 1917, iri shuri ryahuguye abanyeshuri barenga 100.000.
1933: Isosiyete y'amashanyarazi ya Lincoln yasohoye igitabo cya mbere cy'amabwiriza agenga imiterere n'imikorere y'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro (Arc Welding Design and Manufacturing Process Manual) kugira ngo abaguzi babashe gukoresha neza ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Muri iki gihe ifatwa nk'"Bibiliya yo Gusudira".
1977: Uruganda rw'amashanyarazi rwafunguwe i Mentor, muri Ohio, muri Amerika kugira ngo rukore ibikoresho byo gukoresha mu gukora insinga.
2005: Lincoln Electric yaguze JW Harris Corporation, ikigo cy’ingenzi ku isi mu bijyanye no gucuruza ibikoresho, kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bw’ikigo mu gutanga ibisubizo no kuzuza umurongo w’ingenzi w’ibicuruzwa byayo.
Murumuna wa John C., James F. Lincoln, yinjiye muri kompanyi nk'umucuruzi mu 1907, icyo gihe ibicuruzwa byari byagutse bishyirwamo amashanyarazi akoresha amashanyarazi. Mu 1909, abavandimwe ba Lincoln bubatse bwa mbere ibikoresho byo gusudira. Mu 1911, Lincoln Electric yazanye imashini ya mbere ku isi ikoresha AC isudira igendanwa.
Greg Coleman, umuyobozi ushinzwe itumanaho rya Lincoln Electric, yasobanuye itandukaniro riri hagati y’abavandimwe babiri ba Lincoln. Yagize ati: “John C. ni injeniyeri akaba n’umuvumbuzi ufite uburambe bwinshi mu iterambere ry’amashanyarazi muri Cleveland. James F., ku rundi ruhande, ni umucuruzi wavukiye mu buryo bw’ubuhanga, wakiniye ikipe y’umupira w’amaguru ya Ohio State itaratsindwa. Ni kapiteni w’ikipe ya kabiri.” Nubwo abavandimwe bashobora kuba bafite imico itandukanye, basangiye umwuka wo kwihangira imirimo.
Afata icyemezo cyo kwibanda ku bushakashatsi bwa siyansi, John S. Lincoln yeguriye murumuna we James F. Lincoln ububasha bw'ikigo mu 1914. Ako kanya, James F. yatangije ibikorwa by'itsinda ry'abakozi ndetse ashyiraho komite ngishwanama y'abakozi, yari irimo abahagarariye buri shami, kandi yagiye iterana buri byumweru bibiri kuva icyo gihe. Mu 1915, mu rugendo rukomeje icyo gihe, abakozi ba Lincoln Electric biyandikishije muri sisitemu y'ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima bw'itsinda. Lincoln Electric yari imwe mu masosiyete ya mbere yatanze inyungu z'abakozi n'inyongera z'ishimwe.
Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya Ohio, Ohio yari indiri y'abacuruzi b'imodoka. Kuva kuri Grant Motor Company na Standard Oil kugeza kuri Allen Motor Company, Willis Company, Templar Motor Company, Studebaker-Garford, Arrow Cyclecar na Sandusky Motor Company, Ohio yasaga nkaho ari yo yari indiri y'imodoka mu ntangiriro za 1900. Ubwo inganda z'imodoka zatangiraga, ibicuruzwa byose by'inganda bifasha gushyigikira no guteza imbere ubucuruzi bushya bw'imodoka.
Ndetse no mu myaka 69 ishize, abasudira bakundaga ingofero zifite amashusho atyaye. Reba iyi ngofero nziza yo mu 1944 yitwa "Voodoo".
James F. Lincoln yari azi ko abarimu bazashyira ahagaragara abasudira b'ejo hazaza. Coleman yagize ati: “Yashakaga ko abasudira bahuguwe bibuka izina rya Lincoln ahantu runaka.” Ishingwa ry'Ishuri ry'Amashanyarazi rya Lincoln ryari intangiriro y'uburezi. Kugeza mu 2010, abantu barenga 100.000 bamaze guhugurwa mu gusudira muri icyo kigo.
Coleman yagize ati: “James Lincoln yari umuntu ufite icyerekezo nyacyo. Yanditse ibitabo bitatu kandi ashyiraho urufatiro rw’amahame agenga imicungire y’inkunga akibaho na n’ubu.”
Uretse akazi ke k’ubuyobozi n’amasomo, James Lincoln ni umuyobozi uteza imbere umuco w’ikigo wo kumva ibibazo by’abakozi. Yagize ati: “Duhora dukora kugira ngo tugabanye imyanda, tugabanye ikiguzi kandi tunoze umutekano ku bantu bose bakorana na Lincoln Electric. Ibi bitekerezo byinshi bituruka ku bakozi bacu. Ndetse na n’uyu munsi, nyuma y’igihe kirekire abavandimwe ba Lincoln bagiye, turacyashyiraho ahantu ho kugaragaza ibibazo by’abakozi no kwishimira.”
Nkuko bisanzwe, Lincoln Electric ikomeza kugendana n'impinduka mu gusudira, irushaho guteza imbere imyigire. Amahugurwa yabaye igice cy'ingenzi cya Lincoln portfolio. “Hashize imyaka igera kuri itandatu kugeza ku munani, twakoranye na kompanyi ikora ibijyanye n'ukuri kwa virtual kugira ngo dushyireho ibidukikije nyabyo byo kwigana ibyaba mu gusudira. VRTEX virtual reality arc welding simulator yigana neza imiterere n'amajwi yo gusudira.”
Nk’uko Coleman abivuga, “Ubu buryo bugufasha gusuzuma ubushuhe. Bupima inguni, umuvuduko n’aho bugera kugira ngo bupime ubushuhe. Ibi byose bikorwa nta gupfusha ubusa ibikoresho bikoreshwa. Nta kindi gikenewe mu gihe cy’imyitozo. Gukoresha ibyuma bishaje, gazi n’insinga zo gusudira.”
Lincoln Electric isaba ko amahugurwa yo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya virtual reality akoreshwa nk'inyongera ku myitozo nyayo mu iduka risudira cyangwa aho bakorera kandi ntabwo agomba gufatwa nk'uburyo bwo gusimbura uburyo gakondo bwo kwigisha.
Muri Gicurasi 1939, Exhibitor Services yo muri Pittsburgh, muri leta ya Pennsylvania yaguze imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Lincoln SA-150. Aha, hari umusudi ukora ku gitereko cya metero 20 cyakuwe mu ikamyo yari yahiye. Iyo sosiyete yavuze ko SA-150 yishyuye mu cyumweru cyayo cya mbere mu maduka.
Sisitemu za VRTEX zikoreshwa ahantu henshi no mu nganda nyinshi zitandukanye muri iki gihe mu rwego rwo kuzigama amafaranga mu gihe cy'amahugurwa. Coleman yasobanuye ko igikoresho kitakwiga gusa uburyo butandukanye bwo gusudira, ahubwo kinagerageza abasudira. Yagize ati: “Ubu buryo bushobora kandi gukoreshwa mu kugenzura ko umusudira afite ubuhanga mu buryo butandukanye bwo gusudira. Nta mafaranga akoreshwa, ikigo gishobora kugenzura niba umusudira ashobora gukora ibyo avuga.”
Lincoln Electric irimo gukora ku gusudira arc, kandi "ibyo ntibizahinduka," Coleman yagize ati. "Tuzakomeza kwagura ubushobozi bwacu bwo gusudira arc n'ibikoresho bikoreshwa."
Coleman asobanura agira ati: “Dufite uruhare mu bikorwa byinshi bigezweho, nko gusudira fibre optic hybrid laser, aho ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho byo gusudira riguma muri icyo gikorwa.” Ibice bishya mu gikorwa cyo gukora kugira ngo byongere ubushobozi bwo kurwanya kwangirika bishobora no gukoreshwa mu gusana ubuso bwashaje.”
Uretse uburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, Coleman yanatuganirije ku kazi k’ikigo mu gukata ibyuma. Yagize ati: “Twaguze ibikoresho bikomeye nka Torchmate. Mu myaka irenga 30, sisitemu zo gukata za Torchmate CNC zatanze ameza yo gukata plasma ya CNC ahendutse ndetse n’ibindi bisubizo by’ikoranabuhanga ku nganda hirya no hino ku isi.”
Lincoln Electric yaguze Harris Thermal mu myaka ya 1990. Harris Calorific ni ikigo cya mbere mu gusudira no gukata gaze. Iyi sosiyete yashinzwe na John Harris, umugabo wavumbuye uburyo bwo gukata no gukata hakoreshejwe oxyacetylene. Coleman yagize ati: “Rero turimo gushaka amahugurwa yo gukata ibyuma.” “Kimwe mu byo duherutse kugura ni Burny Kaliburn, uruganda rukora sisitemu zo gukata plasma zigezweho cyane.” Yongeyeho ati: “Kugeza ubu, dushobora gutanga serivisi zo gukata umuriro, gukata plasma mu ntoki, sisitemu za CNC zo kuri mudasobwa, plasma ifite imiterere ihanitse na sisitemu zo gukata laser.”
“Turimo kunyura mu bihe bishimishije kubera intambwe nini mu bikoresho byo gusudira,” Coleman yagize ati. “Ibikoresho byahinduwe kuva kuri sisitemu ishingiye kuri transformer/rectifier bijya kuri sisitemu ishingiye kuri inverter ikoreshwa mu bikorwa byinshi bifite imiraba itandukanye,” yongeyeho ati: “Gukoresha porogaramu kugira ngo kunoze imiterere ya arc ya aluminium GMAW byazamuwe ku rwego rushya muri Lincoln Electric hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga twita igenzura imiraba.”
Inganda nyinshi z’inzobere zihitamo arc ikunzwe gukoreshwa mu guhindura imiterere y’imashini cyangwa imiterere y’ishusho yayo. Chip Foose irahari kugira ngo igaragare kuri kamera.
"Urwego rukurikiraho" Coleman avuga ni ikoranabuhanga rya Lincoln Electric, rituma sisitemu zo gusudira zisobanukirwa icyo umukoresha cyangwa umukoresha atekereza ku gusudira kw'ubuziranenge ku ikoreshwa runaka.
Coleman asobanura agira ati: “Imashini ishobora kumenya neza icyo umukoresha abona nk’imashini yemewe yo gusudira, hanyuma igashobora gusuzuma imashini ikoresheje amakuru yatanzwe n’umukoresha.”
Iri koranabuhanga rigenzura imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi hamwe n'uburyo "bukoreshwa n'umukoresha" ritanga riboneka muri porogaramu yubatswe muri Lincoln Power Wave Inverter Power Supplies. Power Wave iraboneka hamwe n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi yateguwe mbere yo gusudira aluminiyumu, cyangwa abahanga bashobora gukora imiyoboro yabo y'amashanyarazi bakoresheje porogaramu ya Lincoln Wave Designer. Iyi miyoboro y'amashanyarazi yakozwe na mudasobwa ishobora gushyirwa muri Power Wave.
Mu bihe byashize, gukoresha uburebure bw'urumuri ntibyari ikibazo cyangwa amahitamo buri gihe. Umwana muto areba uko se (John Taylor) yitegura gusana akoresheje imashini ye yo gusudira lisansi mu isambu ya Lawrence na John Taylor mu Kuboza 1949.
Ubushobozi bwo kugenzura no gukoresha imiterere y’umuraba butuma abasudira bashobora guhindura ibyuma bitandukanye kugira ngo barebe ko habaho guhuza gukomeye. Coleman yagize ati: “Ibi si ibintu bya mbere byasudiraga Lincoln Electric byari bifite ingano ya Pinto kandi byakoreshaga electrode ikomeye.”
Imashini zo gukata plasma za Lincoln Electric zo mu bwoko bwa Tomahawk ni igice cy'ingenzi mu iterambere rigezweho mu gukora no gukata ibyuma.
Guhindura imiterere y'amashanyarazi bishobora kugira ingaruka zitezwe ku muvuduko w'urugendo, imiterere ya nyuma y'amashanyarazi yo gusudira, gusukura nyuma yo gusudira, no ku rugero rw'imyotsi yo gusudira. Urugero, ku gikoresho gito cya santimetero 0.035 cya aluminiyumu, abakoresha bashobora gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya Waveform kugira ngo bagabanye ubushyuhe, bagabanye guhindagurika, bakureho imiyoboro ishyushye, bakureho imiyoboro ikonje, kandi bakureho gutwika. Ibi byakozwe kenshi mu bikorwa bishobora kungukirwa na GMAW ikoresha pulsed. Gahunda zo gusudira zishobora gukorwa ku bwoko bwihariye bw'umuvuduko n'imigezi yo gukwirakwiza insinga, cyangwa zishobora gukorerwa gukorana n'ubwoko bwinshi bw'ubunini bw'ibikoresho n'umuvuduko mwinshi w'insinga.
Kora imiyoboro ya santimetero 3. Imiyoboro ya gaze karemano ku kibuga cya KMA i Wichita Falls, muri Texas, mu Ukwakira 1938. Imirimo yabereye ku mugezi wambukiranya uburyo bwo gukusanya hagati y’amariba amwe n’uruganda rutunganya amavuta rwa Phillips.
Techalloy, irindi shami rya Lincoln Electric, rifite icyicaro muri Maryland, rikora ibikoresho byo gusudira bya nickel alloy na stainless steel byo gukoresha mu modoka, kurinda ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ingese mu nganda zikora imiti n'ibinyabutabire, ndetse no kubungabunga no gusana mu nganda zikora peteroli na gaze. Ibicuruzwa by'iyi sosiyete bifatwa nk'urugero rw'inganda mu gutanga ingufu n'ikoreshwa rya kirimbuzi. Techalloy ikomeje kuba umucuruzi w'ibikoresho bikomeye byo gukurura inganda z'amashanyarazi. Mu gihe abakora imodoka bahindukirira izindi alloy z'ibyuma cyangwa nshya, Techalloy yashyizeho ibicuruzwa bishya kugira ngo bihuze n'ibyo abakora ibikoresho bakeneye mu gusudira.
Ibyuma bitandukanye bifite imiterere myinshi myiza, bigatuma buri bumba riba amahitamo meza yo gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, nubwo bishobora gusukurwa mu buryo butandukanye. Hamwe n'ubumenyi bwimbitse ku byuma n'ibikoresho bigezweho n'ikoranabuhanga riri ku isoko, ibyuma byose bishobora gutunganywa neza. Lincoln Electric ifasha abasudira kuguma ku isonga mu ikoranabuhanga hamwe n'ibikoresho bigezweho n'uburyo bugezweho bwo guhugura. Aya mahame shingiro yo gukorana na Lincoln Electric kuva mu ntangiriro aracyari ingingo z'ingenzi z'ikigo muri iki gihe.
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