Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga bitanga ibyiza byinshi mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda, ariko tekinike yo gutunganya yatoranijwe irashobora kugira ingaruka kumiterere nubusugire bwibice bikozwe mubyuma bitandukanye.
Iyi ngingo irasuzuma impamvu zifatika zo gukoresha ibyuma bitagira umwanda mubice bitandukanye hamwe ninteko, ikanareba uruhare rwibikoresho byo gufotora nkikoranabuhanga ritunganya ibintu rishobora gutuma habaho ibicuruzwa bishya kandi bisobanutse neza-bikoresha amaherezo.
Kuberiki uhitamo ibyuma bitagira umwanda? Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga mubyuma nicyuma cyoroheje kirimo chromium igizwe na 10% cyangwa irenga (kuburemere) .Kwiyongera kwa chromium biha ibyuma ibyuma byihariye bidasanzwe, ibyuma birwanya ruswa. Chromium yibyuma yemerera gukora firime ikomeye, yubahiriza, itagaragara, irwanya ruswa ya chromium oxyde ya firime hejuru yicyuma.Niba yangiritse muburyo bwa chimique cyangwa chimique, firime irashobora kwisana ubwayo, mugihe ogisijeni ihari (niyo yaba ari mike cyane).
Kurwanya ruswa nibindi bintu byingirakamaro byibyuma byongerwaho mukongera chromium no kongeramo ibindi bintu nka molybdenum, nikel na azote.
Ibyuma bitagira umwanda bifite ibyiza byinshi.Bwa mbere, ibikoresho birwanya ruswa, kandi chromium nikintu kivanze gitanga ibyuma bitagira umwanda iyi ntera.Icyiciro gito-kivanze kirwanya ruswa mubidukikije byamazi meza kandi meza; amanota menshi-arwanya kurwanya ruswa muri aside nyinshi, ibisubizo bya alkaline, hamwe nibidukikije birimo chlorine, bigatuma imitungo yabo iba ingirakamaro mugutunganya ibihingwa.
Impamyabumenyi yihariye ya chromium na nikel alloy irwanya kwipimisha no gukomeza imbaraga nyinshi mubushyuhe bwinshi.Icyuma kitagira umwanda gikoreshwa cyane mubijyanye no guhanahana ubushyuhe, superheater, amashyiga, gushyushya amazi yo kugaburira, valve hamwe nu miyoboro rusange, ndetse no mu ndege no mu kirere.
Isuku nacyo nikibazo cyingirakamaro cyane.Ubushobozi bwicyuma butagira isuku byoroshye byahisemo guhitamo bwa mbere mubihe byisuku bikabije nkibitaro, igikoni n’inganda zitunganya ibiryo, hamwe nicyuma kitagira umwanda byoroshye-kubungabunga neza birangiza bitanga icyerekezo kigezweho kandi gishimishije isura.
Hanyuma, mugihe usuzumye ikiguzi, urebye ibiciro byumusaruro hamwe nigiciro cyubuzima, ibyuma bitagira umwanda akenshi ni ibintu bihendutse cyane kandi birashobora gukoreshwa 100%, bikuzuza ubuzima bwose.
Photochemic etched micro-metal "etch group" (harimo HP Etch na Etchform) etch ubwoko butandukanye bwibyuma bifite ubusobanuro butagereranywa nahantu hose kwisi. Amabati yatunganijwe hamwe na fayili afite uburebure kuva 0.003 kugeza 2000 µm.Nyamara, ibyuma bitagira umwanda bikomeza kuba ibya mbere guhitamo kuri benshi mubakiriya ba societe bitewe nuburyo bwinshi, ubwinshi bwamanota aboneka, umubare munini wibisigazwa bifitanye isano, ibintu byiza bifatika (nkuko byasobanuwe haruguru), numubare munini warangiye.Ni icyuma cyo guhitamo kuri benshi gusaba mu nganda zitandukanye, kabuhariwe mu gutunganya 1.4310: (AISI 301), 1.4404: (AISI 316L), 1.4301: (AISI 304) na micro-metani y'ibyuma bizwi cyane bya austenitike, ferritic, ma Tensitike (1.4028 Mo / 7C27Mo2) cyangwa ibyuma bya duplex, Invar na Alloy 42.
Gufata amafoto ya chimique (kuvanaho icyuma ukoresheje icyuma gifotora kugirango ubyare ibice byuzuye) bifite inyungu nyinshi zirenze tekiniki yo guhimba ibyuma gakondo.Icy'ingenzi cyane, gufotora imiti bitanga ibice mugihe bikuraho kwangirika kwibintu kuko nta bushyuhe cyangwa imbaraga bikoreshwa mugihe cyo gutunganya.Mu hiyongereyeho, inzira irashobora kubyara hafi ibice bitagira ingano bitewe no kuvanaho icyarimwe ibintu bigize ibice ukoresheje chimie etchant.
Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mugukata ni digitale cyangwa ikirahure, kubwibyo rero nta mpamvu yo gutangira guca ibyuma bihenze kandi bigoye-guhuza ibyuma.Ibi bivuze ko ibicuruzwa byinshi bishobora kubyara hamwe no kwambara ibikoresho bya zeru rwose, byemeza ko icya mbere n'ibice bya miriyoni byakozwe birasa.
Ibikoresho bya digitale nibirahure birashobora kandi guhindurwa no guhindurwa byihuse kandi mubukungu (mubisanzwe mugihe cyisaha imwe), bigatuma biba byiza mugukora prototyping hamwe numusaruro mwinshi mwinshi.Ibyo bituma habaho igishushanyo mbonera "kitagira ingaruka" nta gihombo cyamafaranga. Igihe cyigihe ni byagereranijwe ko byihuta 90% kuruta ibice byashyizweho kashe, bisaba kandi ishoramari rikomeye mubikoresho.
Mugaragaza, Akayunguruzo, Mugaragaza na Bends Isosiyete irashobora gutondekanya ibintu byinshi byuma bidafite ingese zirimo ecran, akayunguruzo, ecran, amasoko meza hamwe n'amasoko yunamye.
Akayunguruzo na sikeri birasabwa mubice byinshi byinganda, kandi abakiriya akenshi bakeneye ibipimo bigoye kandi bisobanutse neza.Ibikorwa byo gufotora mikorobe ya micrometal bikoreshwa mugukora filtri na ecran zinganda za peteroli, inganda zibiribwa, inganda zubuvuzi na inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga (muyungurura ifoto ikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gutera lisansi na hydraulics kubera imbaraga zayo zingana) .micrometal yateje imbere tekinoroji yo gufotora kugirango yemererwe kugenzura neza inzira yo guteramo ibipimo 3.Ibyo byorohereza ishyirwaho rya geometrike igoye kandi, iyo ushyizwe mubikorwa byo gukora gride na sikeri, birashobora kugabanya cyane ibihe byo kuyobora.Ikindi kandi, ibintu bidasanzwe hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwa aperture birashobora gushirwa mumurongo umwe utarinze kongera ikiguzi.
Bitandukanye nubuhanga gakondo bwo gutunganya, gufata amafoto ya chimique bifite urwego rwohejuru rwubuhanga mugukora stencile yoroheje kandi yuzuye, muyungurura na sikeri.
Gukuraho icyarimwe icyuma mugihe cyo gutobora bituma hashyirwaho umwobo wa geometrike utarinze gukoresha ibikoresho bihenze cyangwa ibikoresho byo gutunganya, kandi meshes zifotowe nifoto zidafite burr kandi nta guhangayika hamwe no kwangirika kwibintu aho isahani isobekeranye ikunda guhindurwa zeru.
Gufata amafoto ya chimique ntabwo bihindura hejuru yubuso bwibintu bitunganywa kandi ntibikoresha ibyuma-byuma-byuma cyangwa amasoko yubushyuhe kugirango uhindure imitungo yubutaka.Nkigisubizo, inzira irashobora gutanga umusozo udasanzwe-mwiza-mwiza wubwiza bwicyuma, bikwiranye no gushushanya.
Ibikoresho bifotora ibyuma bifotora kandi bikoreshwa muburyo bukoreshwa cyane mubidukikije cyangwa umutekano ukabije - nka sisitemu yo gufata feri ya ABS hamwe na sisitemu yo gutera ibitoro - kandi kugorora bishobora kuba "byunamye" inshuro miriyoni kuko inzira idahindura imbaraga zumunaniro. y'ibyuma .Uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu bisanzwe nko gutunganya no kuyobora akenshi bisiga utubuto duto na reast ibice bishobora guhindura imikorere yimvura.
Gukora Photochemical etching bivana ahantu hashobora kuvunika mubinyampeke, bikabyara burr-bidafite epfo na ruguru byunamye, bigatuma ubuzima bumara igihe kirekire kandi bwizewe.
Incamake Ibyuma n'ibyuma bidafite ingese bifite ibintu bitandukanye bituma biba byiza mubikorwa byinshi byinganda-nganda.Nubwo bigaragara nkibikoresho byoroshye gutunganyirizwa muburyo bwa tekinike yo guhimba ibyuma, ibyuma bifotora bifasha ababikora inyungu nziza mugihe batanga ibintu bikomeye kandi bikomeye-umutekano ibice.
Etching ntisaba ibikoresho bikomeye, itanga umusaruro wihuse kuva prototype kugeza mubikorwa byinshi, itanga igice kitagira imipaka igoye, itanga ibice bitarimo- kandi bidafite impungenge, ntabwo bigira ingaruka kumiterere yicyuma nimiterere, ikora mubyiciro byose byibyuma, kandi igera kubwukuri ya ± 0.025 mm, ibihe byose byo kuyobora biri muminsi, ntabwo amezi.
Ubwinshi bwimikorere yo gufotora ifotora butuma ihitamo rikomeye ryo gukora ibyuma bitagira umwanda mubikorwa byinshi bikomeye, kandi bigatera udushya kuko bikuraho inzitizi zirangwa mubuhanga gakondo bwo guhimba ibyuma byabashakashatsi.
Ikintu gifite imiterere yicyuma kandi kigizwe nibintu bibiri cyangwa byinshi byimiti, byibuze kimwe muricyuma.
Igice cya filament yibikoresho bikora kumpera yumurimo mugihe cyo gutunganya.Gufungura bikarishye.Bishobora gukurwaho namadosiye yintoki, gusya inziga cyangwa umukandara, ibiziga byinsinga, guswera fibre fibre, ibikoresho byamazi, cyangwa ubundi buryo.
Ubushobozi bwumuti cyangwa ibikoresho byo kurwanya ingese no kwangirika.Ibi nibintu bya nikel na chromium byakozwe mubivange nkibyuma bitagira umwanda.
Ikintu gitera kuvunika mugihe cyisubiramo cyangwa gihindagurika hamwe nigiciro ntarengwa kiri munsi yimbaraga zingirakamaro yibikoresho.Uvunika umunaniro uratera imbere, utangirana nuduce duto dukura mukibazo gihindagurika.
Imihangayiko ntarengwa ishobora gukomeza nta kunanirwa ku mubare runaka wizunguruka, keretse bivuzwe ukundi, imihangayiko ihinduka rwose muri buri cyiciro.
Inzira iyo ari yo yose yo gukoramo ibyuma ikorerwamo cyangwa ikozwe kugirango itange igihangano gishya.Mu mahanga, iryo jambo rikubiyemo inzira nko gushushanya n'imiterere, kuvura ubushyuhe, gutunganya ibikoresho no kugenzura.
Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga bifite imbaraga nyinshi, birwanya ubushyuhe, imashini nziza no kurwanya ruswa. Ibyiciro rusange rusange byateguwe kugirango bikubiyemo ibintu bitandukanye bya mehaniki na physique kubisabwa byihariye. Ibyiciro bine ni: CrNiMn 200 serie na CrNi 300 seri ya austenitis; ubwoko bwa chromium martensitike, gukomera 400; chromium, idakomera 400 ikurikirana ubwoko bwa ferritic; Imvura igwa-chromium-nikel ivanze hamwe nibindi bintu byo kuvura igisubizo no gukomera kwimyaka.
Mu kizamini cya tensile, igipimo cyumutwaro ntarengwa ku gice cyambere cyambukiranya igice.Ikindi kandi cyitwa imbaraga zidasanzwe. Gereranya nimbaraga zitanga umusaruro.